See Preface for title page, copyright, and hypertext version.
Research Inc., Health Education Services Division,
P.O. Box 7126, Albany, NY 12224
(518)439-7286 www.hes.org
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POLICY STATEMENT ON CONTROL OF ORGANIC CONTAMINATION FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
xii |
POLICY STATEMENT ON INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON TRIHALOMETHANE REMOVAL AND CONTROL FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON REVERSE OSMOSIS AND NANOFILTRATION FOR PUBIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON AUTOMATED/UNATTENDED OPERATION OF SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON BAG AND CARTRIDGE FILTERS FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON CONTROL OF ZEBRA MUSSELS FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT FOR TREATMENT OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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POLICY STATEMENT ON INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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INTERIM STANDARD - NITRATE REMOVAL USING SULFATE SELECTIVE ANION EXCHANGE RESIN |
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INTERIM STANDARD - USE OF CHLORAMINE DISINFECTANT FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES |
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1.0 GENERAL |
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1.1 ENGINEER=S REPORT |
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1.1.1 General Information |
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1.1.2 Extent of water works system |
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1.1.3 Justification of project |
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1.1.4 Soil, groundwater conditions, and foundation problems |
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1.1.5 Water use data |
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1.1.6 Flow requirements |
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1.1.7 Sources of water supply |
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1.1.8 Proposed treatment processes |
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1.1.9 Sewerage system available |
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1.1.10 Waste disposal |
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1.1.11 Automation |
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1.1.12 Project sites |
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1.1.13 Financing |
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1.1.14 Future extensions |
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1.2 PLANS |
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1.2.1 General layout |
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1.2.2 Detailed plans |
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1.3 SPECIFICATIONS |
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1.4 DESIGN CRITERIA |
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1.5 REVISIONS TO APPROVED PLANS |
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1.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED |
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2.0 GENERAL |
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2.1 DESIGN BASIS |
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2.2 PLANT LAYOUT |
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2.3 BUILDING LAYOUT |
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2.4 LOCATION OF STRUCTURES |
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2.5 ELECTRICAL CONTROLS |
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2.6 STANDBY POWER |
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2.7 SHOP SPACE AND STORAGE |
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2.8 LABORATORY FACILITIES |
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2.8.1 Testing equipment |
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2.8.2 Physical facilities |
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2.9 MONITORING EQUIPMENT |
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2.10 SAMPLE TAPS |
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2.11 FACILITY WATER SUPPLY |
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2.12 WALL CASTINGS |
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2.13 METERS |
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2.14 PIPING COLOR CODE |
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2.15 DISINFECTION |
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2.16 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL |
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2.17 OPERATOR INSTRUCTION |
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2.18 SAFETY |
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2.19 SECURITY |
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2.20 FLOOD PROTECTION |
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2.21 CHEMICALS AND WATER CONTACT MATERIALS |
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2.22 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS |
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3.0 GENERAL |
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3.1 SURFACE WATER |
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3.1.1 Quantity |
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3.1.2 Quality |
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3.1.3 Minimum treatment |
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3.1.4 Structures |
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3.1.5 Impoundments and reservoirs |
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3.2 GROUNDWATER |
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3.2.1 Quantity |
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3.2.2 Quality |
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3.2.3 Location |
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3.2.4 Testing and records |
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3.2.5 General well construction |
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3.2.6 Aquifer types and construction methods - Special conditions |
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3.2.7 Well pumps, discharge piping and appurtenances |
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4.0 GENERAL |
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4.1 CLARIFICATION |
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4.1.1 Presedimentation |
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4.1.2 Rapid mix |
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4.1.3 Flocculation |
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4.1.4 Sedimentation |
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4.1.5 Solids contact unit |
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4.1.6 Tube or plate settlers |
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4.1.7 High rate clarification processes |
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4.2 FILTRATION |
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4.2.1 Rapid rate gravity filters |
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4.2.2 Rapid rate pressure filters |
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4.2.3 Diatomaceous earth filtration |
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4.2.4 Slow sand filters |
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4.2.5 Direct filtration |
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4.2.6 Deep bed rapid rate gravity filters |
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4.2.7 Biologically active filters |
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4.3 DISINFECTION |
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4.3.1 Chlorination equipment |
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4.3.2 Contact time and point of application |
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4.3.3 Residual chlorine |
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4.3.4 Testing equipment |
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4.3.5 Chlorinator piping |
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4.3.6 Housing |
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4.3.7 Ozone |
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4.3.8 Chlorine dioxide |
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4.3.9 Ultra violet light |
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4.3.10 Other disinfecting agents |
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4.4 SOFTENING |
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4.4.1 Lime or lime-soda process |
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4.4.2 Cation exchange process |
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4.4.3 Water quality test equipment |
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4.5 AERATION |
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4.5.1 Natural draft aeration |
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4.5.2 Forced or induced draft aeration |
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4.5.3 Spray aeration |
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4.5.4 Pressure aeration |
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4.5.5 Packed tower aeration |
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4.5.6 Other methods of aeration |
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4.5.7 Protection of aerators |
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4.5.8 Disinfection |
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4.5.9 Bypass |
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4.5.10 Corrosion control |
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4.5.11 Quality control |
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4.6 IRON AND MANGANESE CONTROL |
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4.6.1 Removal by oxidation, detention and filtration |
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4.6.2 Removal by the lime-soda softening process |
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4.6.3 Removal by manganese coated media filtration |
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4.6.4 Removal by ion exchange |
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4.6.5 Biological removal |
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4.6.6 Sequestration by polyphosphates |
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4.6.7 Sequestration by sodium silicates |
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4.6.8 Sampling taps |
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4.6.9 Testing equipment shall be provided for all plants |
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4.7 FLUORIDATION |
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4.7.1 Fluoride compound storage |
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4.7.2 Chemical feed equipment and methods |
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4.7.3 Secondary controls |
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4.7.4 Protective equipment |
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4.7.5 Dust control |
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4.7.6 Testing equipment |
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4.8 STABILIZATION |
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4.8.1 Carbon dioxide addition |
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4.8.2 Acid addition |
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4.8.3 Phosphates |
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4.8.4 “Split treatment” |
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4.8.5 Alkali feed |
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4.8.6 Carbon dioxide reduction by aeration |
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4.8.7 Other treatment |
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4.8.8 Water unstable due to biochemical action in distribution system |
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4.8.9 Control |
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4.9 TASTE AND ODOR CONTROL |
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4.9.1 Flexibility |
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4.9.2 Chlorination |
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4.9.3 Chlorine dioxide |
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4.9.4 Powdered activated carbon |
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4.9.5 Granular activated carbon |
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4.9.6 Copper sulfate and other copper compounds |
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4.9.7 Aeration |
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4.9.8 Potassium permanganate |
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4.9.9 Ozone |
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4.9.10 Other methods |
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4.10 MICROSCREENING |
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4.10.1 Design |
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5.0 GENERAL |
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5.0.1 Plans and specifications |
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5.0.2 Chemical application |
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5.0.3 General equipment design |
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5.1 FACILITY DESIGN |
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5.1.1 Number of feeders |
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5.1.2 Control |
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5.1.3 Dry chemical feeders |
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5.1.4 Positive displacement solution pumps |
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5.1.5 Liquid chemical feeders - siphon control |
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5.1.6 Cross-connection control |
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5.1.7 Chemical feed equipment location |
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5.1.8 In-plant water supply |
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5.1.9 Storage of chemicals |
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5.1.10 Solution tanks |
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5.1.11 Day tanks |
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5.1.12 Feed lines |
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5.1.13 Handling |
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5.1.14 Housing |
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5.2 CHEMICALS |
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5.2.1 Shipping containers |
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5.2.2 Specifications |
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5.2.3 Assay |
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5.3 OPERATOR SAFETY |
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5.3.1 Ventilation |
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5.3.2 Respiratory protection equipment |
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5.3.3 Chlorine leak detection |
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5.3.4 Protective equipment |
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5.4 SPECIFIC CHEMICALS |
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5.4.1 Chlorine gas |
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5.4.2 Acids and caustics |
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5.4.3 Sodium chlorite for chlorine dioxide generation |
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5.4.4 Sodium hypochlorite |
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5.4.5 Ammonia |
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6.0 GENERAL |
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6.1 LOCATION |
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6.1.1 Site protection |
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6.2 PUMPING STATIONS |
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6.2.1 Suction well |
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6.2.2 Equipment servicing |
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6.2.3 Stairways and ladders |
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6.2.4 Heating |
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6.2.5 Ventilation |
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6.2.6 Dehumidification |
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6.2.7 Lighting |
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6.2.8 Sanitary and other conveniences |
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6.3 PUMPS |
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6.3.1 Suction lift |
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6.3.2 Priming |
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6.4 BOOSTER PUMPS |
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6.4.1 Duplicate pumps |
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6.4.2 Metering |
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6.4.3 Inline booster pumps |
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6.4.4 Individual home booster pumps |
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6.5 AUTOMATIC AND REMOTE CONTROLLED STATIONS |
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6.6 APPURTENANCES |
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6.6.1 Valves |
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6.6.2 Piping |
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6.6.3 Gauges and meters |
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6.6.4 Water seals |
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6.6.5 Controls |
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6.6.6 Standby power |
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6.6.7 Water pre-lubrication |
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7.0 GENERAL |
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7.0.1 Sizing |
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7.0.2 Location of reservoirs |
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7.0.3 Protection from contamination |
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7.0.4 Protection from trespassers |
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7.0.5 Drains |
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7.0.6 Stored WaterTurnover |
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7.0.7 Overflow |
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7.0.8 Access |
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7.0.9 Vents |
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7.0.10 Roof and sidewall |
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7.0.11 Construction materials |
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7.0.12 Safety |
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7.0.13 Freezing |
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7.0.14 Internal catwalk |
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7.0.15 Silt stop |
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7.0.16 Grading |
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7.0.17 Painting and/or cathodic protection |
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7.0.18 Disinfection |
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7.0.19 Provisions for sampling |
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7.1 TREATMENT PLANT STORAGE |
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7.1.1 Filter washwater tanks |
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7.1.2 Clearwell |
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7.1.3 Adjacent storage |
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7.1.4 Other treatment plant storage tanks |
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7.2 HYDROPNEUMATIC TANK SYSTEMS |
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7.2.1 Location |
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7.2.2 System sizing |
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7.2.3 Piping |
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7.2.4 Appurtenances |
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7.3 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM STORAGE |
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7.3.1 Pressures |
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7.3.2 Drainage |
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7.3.3 Level controls |
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8.0 GENERAL |
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8.1 MATERIALS |
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8.1.1 Standards and material selection |
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8.1.2 Permeation by organic compounds |
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8.1.3 Used materials |
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8.1.4 Joints |
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8.2 SYSTEM DESIGN |
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8.2.1 Pressure |
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8.2.2 Diameter |
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8.2.3 Fire protection |
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8.2.4 Dead ends |
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8.3 VALVES |
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8.4 HYDRANTS |
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8.4.1 Location and spacing |
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8.4.2 Valves and nozzles |
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8.4.3 Hydrant leads |
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8.4.4 Hydrant drainage |
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8.5 AIR RELIEF VALVES |
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8.5.1 Air relief valves |
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8.5.2 Air relief valve piping |
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8.6 VALVE, METER AND BLOW-OFF CHAMBERS |
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8.7 INSTALLATION OF WATER MAINS |
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8.7.1 Standards |
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8.7.2 Bedding |
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8.7.3 Cover |
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8.7.4 Blocking |
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8.7.5 Pressure and leakage testing |
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8.7.6 Disinfection |
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8.7.7 External corrosion |
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8.8 SEPARATION DISTANCES FROM CONTAMINATION SOURCES |
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8.8.1 General |
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8.8.2 Parallel installation |
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8.8.3 Crossings |
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8.8.4 Exception |
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8.8.5 Force mains |
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8.8.6 Sewer manholes |
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8.8.7 Separation of water mains from other sources of contamination |
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8.9 SURFACE WATER CROSSINGS |
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8.9.1 Above-water crossings |
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8.9.2 Underwater crossings |
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8.10 CROSS-CONNECTIONS AND INTERCONNECTIONS |
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8.10.1 Cross-connections |
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8.10.2 Cooling water |
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8.10.3 Interconnections |
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8.11 WATER SERVICES AND PLUMBING |
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8.11.1 Plumbing |
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8.11.2 Booster pumps |
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8.12 SERVICE METERS |
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8.13 WATER LOADING STATIONS |
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9.0 GENERAL |
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9.1 SANITARY WASTE |
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9.2 BRINE WASTE |
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9.3 PRECIPITATIVE SOFTENING SLUDGE |
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9.4 ALUM SLUDGE |
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9.4.1 Lagoons |
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9.4.2 Mechanical dewatering |
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9.4.3 Land application |
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9.5 “RED WATER” WASTE |
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9.5.1 Sand filters |
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9.5.2 Lagoons |
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9.5.3 Discharge to community sanitary sewer |
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9.5.4 Recycling “red water” wastes |
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9.6 WASTE FILTER WASH WATER |
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9.7 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS |
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FIGURE 1 - SUGGESTED FILLING DEVICE FOR WATER LOADING STATIONS |
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TABLE 1 - STEEL PIPE |
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